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Direct Memory Access
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447
this function so that the buffer is placed in a location that works with DMA; usually
the memory is just allocated with get_free_pages (but note that the size is in bytes,
rather than an order value). The
flag argument is the usual GFP_ value describing how
the memory is to be allocated; it should usually be GFP_KERNEL (usually) or GFP_ATOMIC
(when running in atomic context).
When the buffer is no longer needed (usually at module unload time), it should be
returned to the system with dma_free_coherent:
void dma_free_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
void *vaddr, dma_addr_t dma_handle);
Note that this function, like many of the generic DMA functions, requires that all of
the size, CPU address, and bus address arguments be provided.
DMA pools
A DMA pool is an allocation mechanism for small, coherent DMA mappings. Map-
pings obtained from dma_alloc_coherent may have a minimum size of one page. If
your device needs smaller DMA areas than that, you should probably be using a
DMA pool. DMA pools are also useful in situations where you may be tempted to
perform DMA to small areas embedded within a larger structure. Some very obscure
driver bugs have been traced down to cache coherency problems with structure fields
adjacent to small DMA areas. To avoid this problem, you should always allocate
areas for DMA operations explicitly, away from other, non-DMA data structures.
The DMA pool functions are defined in <linux/dmapool.h>.
A DMA pool must be created before use with a call to:
struct dma_pool *dma_pool_create(const char *name, struct device *dev,
size_t size, size_t align,
size_t allocation);
Here, name is a name for the pool, dev is your device structure, size is the size of the
buffers to be allocated from this pool,
align is the required hardware alignment for
allocations from the pool (expressed in bytes), and
allocation is, if nonzero, a mem-
ory boundary that allocations should not exceed. If
allocation is passed as 4096, for
example, the buffers allocated from this pool do not cross 4-KB boundaries.
When you are done with a pool, it can be freed with:
void dma_pool_destroy(struct dma_pool *pool);
You should return all allocations to the pool before destroying it.
Allocations are handled with dma_pool_alloc:
void *dma_pool_alloc(struct dma_pool *pool, int mem_flags,
dma_addr_t *handle);
For this call, mem_flags is the usual set of GFP_ allocation flags. If all goes well, a
region of memory (of the size specified when the pool was created) is allocated and
,ch15.13676 Page 447 Friday, January 21, 2005 11:04 AM
- Memory Mapping 1
- Address Types 2
- Physical Addresses and Pages 4
- High and Low Memory 4
- Page Tables 7
- Virtual Memory Areas 8
- The vm_area_struct structure 9
- Memory Management in Linux 10
- The mmap Device Operation 11
- Using remap_pfn_range 13
- A Simple Implementation 14
- Adding VMA Operations 15
- Mapping Memory with nopage 16
- Remapping Specific I/O Regions 18
- Remapping RAM 19
- 0 when opened for 20
- Performing Direct I/O 24
- Asynchronous I/O 26
- An asynchronous I/O example 28
- Direct Memory Access 29
- Allocating the DMA Buffer 31
- Bus Addresses 32
- The Generic DMA Layer 33
- DMA mappings 34
- DMA pools 36
- Scatter/gather mappings 39
- A simple PCI DMA example 42
- DMA for ISA Devices 43
- Registering DMA usage 44
- Talking to the DMA controller 45
- Quick Reference 48
- Implementing mmap 49
- Implementing Direct I/O 49
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Philips Robust Collection Robot de cuisine User Manual (2 pages)
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Philips Robust Collection Robot de cuisine User Manual (3 pages)
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